Emiratization As A Form Of Affirmative Action Management Essay Essay Example

Emiratization As A Form Of Affirmative Action Management Essay Paper Emiratization is the procedure of nationalising the work force in the United Arab Emirates. In fact, it can either efficaciously be used to reassign cognition to the subjects to take ownership of work being carried out, or abused when subjects are put in places they can non win in, or when they are non offered the necessary training/mentoring to win, in the state s effort to capitalise on its local human resources. Purpose of Emiratization Emiratization is one of the greatest challenges confronting the United Arab Emiratesaˆ’ the emergent state. The schemes of the plan purpose at increasing the per centum of subjects in federal and governmental establishments, even in the private sector to some extent, to lend in heightening feasible societal and economic stableness by depending on national human capital. Besides, it works on heightening local endowments and accomplishments to run into the present and future demands that will ease in developing the state. The governments believe that in the early 1970s, the state of affairs demanded trust on skilled aliens and experient work force due to the little population among local human resources and the demands of ambitious development programs of the state. The big figure of exiles help the Emiratis by devouring, buying, leasing many resources and services ; thereby exciting the local economic system. On the other manus, the state s trust has resulted in exiles remi tting high per centums of their net incomes ; in fact, the entire financial transportation from the UAE was reported to be $ US 4.5 billion in 2002, tantamount to the national budget shortage for that twelvemonth ( Davidson 2005 ) , excepting transportations that did non necessitate the usage of Bankss or other official money-transferring bureaus. Therefore, the natural rating and development of the local endowments makes the authorities put in topographic point programs to carry through its societal duties towards the UAE community. We will write a custom essay sample on Emiratization As A Form Of Affirmative Action Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Emiratization As A Form Of Affirmative Action Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Emiratization As A Form Of Affirmative Action Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Exiles presently hold about 98 % of occupations in the private sector and 91 % of places in the authorities ( Al Ali 2008 ) . Therefore, in every workplace Emiratis are in a little minority compared to other nationalities. This research aims to foreground the contradiction between theoretical committedness to Emiratization, and realistic patterns impeding the materialisation of a national scheme geared by awful fright of divergency and drifting off against the fleet flow of globalisation. Barriers to Emiratization Human Capitals The first factor this paper will analyze is Human capital which can be defined as cognition, accomplishments, and abilities of an organisation s employees ( Stone 2005 ) . Education, preparation and development, and organisational battle add great value to one s competencyaˆ’ it is besides the foundation for personal and professional development, societal integrating, and economic prosperity. Education Weak instruction and hapless lingual accomplishments are factors that slow down the UAE national engagement in the work force, but the schemes of accomplishing Emiratization requires implementing great alterations and developments in instruction, which is the corner rock for any solid work. It is really easy to enforce Emiratization. We can make this any clip, but what would we derive if we did non supply our young person with the best cognition, accomplishment and expertness to commensurate with these occupations? H. H. Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai While the aspirations of UAE Government can be realized throughout the altering instruction system, it is hard for these aims to be achieved without quality and to the full integrated course of studies which support the values of the UAE. Possible solutions would necessitate a stronger committedness to curriculum reform, which can run into the demands of Emiratization, particularly under the influence of globalisation on different facets of life in the society of the UAE. English eloquence degrees in UAE are of major concern to Abdelkarim ( 2001 ) , whose findings on employees positions include their sensed lack of English linguistic communication direction the UAE s instruction system. In a manner, English has become the lingua franca for engineering ; hence, direction and to a certain extent trade, and eloquence doubtless affects Emiratis employability. Training and Development The significance of preparation and the creative activity of a acquisition environment have been recognized as cardinal elements to competitory replacement to the attainment of sustainable competitory advantage in the organisation ( Altman A ; IIles 1998 ; Altman and IIes cited in Saunders et Al. 2005 ) . One of the surveies indicates that 52.4 % UAE Nationals are non given well-structured efficient preparation ( Morada 2002 ) . Training and development are indispensable for continual acquisition for employees to acquire on the occupation preparation, learn from past illustrations and heighten their accomplishments. UAE subjects non merely derive practical and theoretical techniques, but besides go more effectual and efficient to the company in the hereafter which is why it is important to supply state-of-the art preparation. Organizational Battle It is suggested that when employees values are consistent with the organisation s values, it might take to more positive organisational battle. However, it could be argued that group homogeneousness may hold a positive impact on employees satisfaction through increasing their sense of designation or societal integrating within the group, but that does non needfully intend that group heterogeneousness should be ignored because it offers chance for organisations and tremendous challenge to employees every bit good. Freek ( 2004 ) argues that UAE subjects employees do non ever welcome civilization diverseness, nor do they wholly reject it. Organizational Capital Significant discrepancy in organisational value variables, i.e. organisational civilization, calling development, and wage have direct impact on Emiratis enlisting and choice activities in private and public houses in the UAE. Organizational Culture A dysfunctional civilization will most decidedly suppress an organisation s public presentation, therefore the demand for flexibleness and cognition to better public presentation, productiveness and acquisition ( Barney 1986 ; Schneider 2000 ) . There has been small survey on cultural effects on GCC states, including UAE. Abdelkarim ( 2001 ) indicates that UAE has ignored the importance of committed-based work civilization, alternatively to a great extent trusting on pecuniary wagess and top-down mechanisms to seek to battle job-hopping. Many employers in the UAE appreciated this new attack from the top, chiefly because it is in understanding with the statute law enforcing the employment of UAE subjects in all organisations. This attack fundamentally aims to maximise the instruction, preparation and entrepreneurial support available to UAE subjects, so that they can vie on a flat playing field with expatriate workers. UAE subjects strongly prefer an organisation that offers flexiblen ess, answerability and challenges within the occupation for that shows that the company is willing to give subjects a opportunity to maximise their work accomplishments through ego efficaciousness and larning from experience. Career Development Career development is critical to an organisation for it outlines employees calling way with the company for a period of clip which leads to both single growing and increasing company s input and efficiency. A common method is acquiring UAE subjects more involved in work diverseness, leting more clip for thier engagement and deriving employee authorization. Emiratis are invariably on the sentinel for calling chances and mounting the corporate ladder. Harmonizing to Freek ( 2004 ) and Al-Lamki ( 1998 ) , UAE subjects have the inclination to go forth their occupations in the private sector due to the deficiency of calling development chances and low wage degrees. When UAE subjects prove to be progressing within their occupation this is normally evidentiary through public presentation assessment which is connected to patterned advance of calling development in footings of publicities and wage. Wage Harmonizing to Lawler ( 1971 ) , one imperative result employees derive from work is their compensation. In the UAE, there is touchable grounds that dead rewards, low publicity rates and other reduced benefits are considered the chief obstructions confronting the local population. In a survey conducted by Tanmia ( 2004 ) , the UAE s National Human Resource Development and Employment Authority, of 1,300 male and female UAE subjects, it was found that the pay derived functions of UAE subjects was the major obstruction they faced when working the private sector. Social Capital The 3rd factor that straight affects Emiratization procedure is related to societal capital, which involves gender inequality. Gender Inequality The gender argument contains dimensions associating to an inauspicious place for female employees: subordination, marginalisation, and sabotaging in all GCC states every bit good as other parts of the universe. The UAE, as portion of this societal environment has similar cultural attitudes towards adult females s function in a male-dominated society. Harmonizing to Abu Dhabi Emiratization Council, the Ministry of Planning in the UAE estimates that the figure of the subjects comprises merely 10 % of the work force in the UAE. Womans make up 6.5 % of entire. Most of the adult females work in traditional Fieldss such as instruction, wellness ministry or other administrative locations. Though lawfully, there are no barriers that prevent adult females from working, still some cultural barriers and traditional society force per unit areas stand as obstructions forestalling adult females from fall ining the work force. In pattern, as reported by Tanmia ( 2005 ) , disagreements can happen given instruction, senior status and occupation descriptions, 37 % of adult females participants reported unsimilarities in wage rates. Nevertheless, wage derived functions may be attributed to the greater chances for calling development available to UAE national males, a factor in the high turnover rate for UAE females ( Adams 2003 ) . Baud and Mahgoub ( 2001 ) noted that 21 % of the adult females stated that they have experienced favoritism in occupation chances for publicity. This might be farther investigated, through systematic analysis of some documental resources available from different local beginnings, such as Ershaad, the national enlisting enterprise which is one the plans launched in 2008 ( ADSIC ) . Sample Comparative Study A reappraisal of an academic paper entitled: En Exploration into the relevancy of HRM and other critical factors toward the integrating of Gulf-Arab subjects in industries: A comparative survey between two fertiliser programs , by Younes Proctor, August 2003, show that two companies, Fertil, UAE, and GPIC, Bahrain, produce the same merchandises, ammonium hydroxide and carbamide, which are used chiefly as fertilisers. Fertil was founded in the early 80s and GPIC in 1987. Despite get downing five old ages subsequently than Fertil, GPIC rapidly achieved a localisation rate of 80 % within seven old ages i.e. 1994, while Fertil, by 2003, reached merely 30 % . The paper explores the ground for this broad spread in nationalisation rates between the two companies. A The findings of the research show that Localization of work forces at the organisation degree occurs at two degrees: the state degree consisting educational systems, authorities labour Torahs, labour market conditions, per capita incomes, demographics, and cultural attitudes associating to work. Because Bahrain has a lower per capita income, higher population denseness, and higher unemployment rates than the UAE, the pressure exerted on GPIC at the organisation degree to engage, develop, and promote locals is much greater than in the UAE. In other words, UAE citizens still have many more picks on where to work or if they are already affluent, even to work at all. A Bahrainis make non. A GPIC so invested to a great extent in preparation by puting up a preparation architecture and preparation systems, which in bend, leads to a healthy acquisition culture.A Exiles are rewarded for go throughing on their cognition to Bahrainis, and there is no fright on their portion that they will lo se their occupations if they train the Bahrainis decently. A By contrast, in Fertil, from its origin, there was no intrinsic demand to develop Emiratis becauseA good economic conditions gave them so many picks when looking for work. Hence small money was allocated to puting up the same preparation architecture, systems, and training civilization. When the author joined Fertil in 1999, there was merely one developing individual for a company of 220 people. When he left, there were merely 4 people allocated to preparation. The budget for preparation at Fertil was 1/6 the budget allocated to developing at GPIC. Recommendations and Decisions There are chiefly three ways of nearing Emiratization on a national degree and do it effectual as a signifier of affirmatory action work in UAE society in the hereafter. First, to turn to the supply and demand in the UAE labour market on the long term ( 10-20 old ages ) , set an feasible national scheme for Emiratization consequently. Second, on the short term, to concentrate on Emirati employees calling development and mark places to hold subjects supervising their national development, to contract down the broad executing spread between the demand and supply in the UAE labour force market. Furthermore, both private and public sectors should develop and implement schemes toward the keeping of UAE subjects in the workforceaˆ’ taking into consideration wages, proviso for gender separation, employee authorization and public presentation direction.

Free Essays on Child By Tiger

Child by Tiger Have you ever seen a glass barometer that kids play with? It’s a glass container that has two globes connected with spiral glass tubing. On the bottom globe there is a red liquid, and when a child places their hands on the orb, the liquid moves up through the spirals to the top. The child learns that heat makes the liquid move through experience. A reader also learns though experience the difference between interpretative and escape literature. The bottom globe represents a work of literature. Just by looking at it the reader doesn’t know if it’s going to be interpretative literature or escape literature, such as the child wonders about the red liquid on what’s its purpose. Once the reader begins to interpret the story, they use previous knowledge to compare and contrast the two possible literature classifications. The child also uses prior facts to figure out that if they keep their hands on the bottom orb, the red liquid will move up. After reading and analyzing the story, the reader comes to the conclusion of what classification the story belongs to, such as when a child learns that in time the red liquid will move its way up into the top globe. Both the reader and the child see the cause and effect through experience with observation. Thomas Wolfe’s â€Å"Child by Tiger† is and interpretative literature through the understanding on the real world, aspects of human behavior, and broadening the awareness of life. To get a glimpse into the real world, the reader has to take a deeper look in why Dick Prosser snapped in â€Å"Child by Tiger†. Dick was switched from one extreme of being well liked among other people and being their equal to being looked upon as an inferior worker by race. In the first few paragraphs, he was described as a military man only respected while in the service. â€Å"He knew how to box too. I think he had been a regimental champion†¦Shepperton’s new Negro man came along†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dick wa... Free Essays on Child By Tiger Free Essays on Child By Tiger Child by Tiger Have you ever seen a glass barometer that kids play with? It’s a glass container that has two globes connected with spiral glass tubing. On the bottom globe there is a red liquid, and when a child places their hands on the orb, the liquid moves up through the spirals to the top. The child learns that heat makes the liquid move through experience. A reader also learns though experience the difference between interpretative and escape literature. The bottom globe represents a work of literature. Just by looking at it the reader doesn’t know if it’s going to be interpretative literature or escape literature, such as the child wonders about the red liquid on what’s its purpose. Once the reader begins to interpret the story, they use previous knowledge to compare and contrast the two possible literature classifications. The child also uses prior facts to figure out that if they keep their hands on the bottom orb, the red liquid will move up. After reading and analyzing the story, the reader comes to the conclusion of what classification the story belongs to, such as when a child learns that in time the red liquid will move its way up into the top globe. Both the reader and the child see the cause and effect through experience with observation. Thomas Wolfe’s â€Å"Child by Tiger† is and interpretative literature through the understanding on the real world, aspects of human behavior, and broadening the awareness of life. To get a glimpse into the real world, the reader has to take a deeper look in why Dick Prosser snapped in â€Å"Child by Tiger†. Dick was switched from one extreme of being well liked among other people and being their equal to being looked upon as an inferior worker by race. In the first few paragraphs, he was described as a military man only respected while in the service. â€Å"He knew how to box too. I think he had been a regimental champion†¦Shepperton’s new Negro man came along†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dick wa...

Occupational Safety and Health as a profession Essay - 1

Occupational Safety and Health as a profession - Essay Example Occupational and environmental health and safety nurses, safety professionals, industrials hygienists, occupational health psychologists and occupational medicine physicians, are some of the occupational health and safety professionals. Other professionals that form a wider team of occupational safety and health multidisciplinary include toxicologists, human resource specialists, ergonomists, industrial or organizational psychologists and epidemiologists. These professionals have been accredited through certain specific procedures to practice occupational safety and health profession or offer services under occupational safety and health sector in accordance with the Regulation Act. Currently, there are no standards specific for occupational safety and health professionals. Work safety in almost all areas of the economy was worsened by the economic boom and the associated turnover in the labor that took place during the World War II (Fairris 187-203). However, as long-term forces reasserted themselves after 1945, accident declined again. In addition, nearly all powerful labor unions, after the World War II, played an increasingly fundamental role in safety at workplace. There were also increasing injury rates that were brought about by the economic expansion during the 1960s. It is important to note that OSHA took pre-eminence once the Massachusetts as a state began the inspections of factories, after the industrial revolution. Laws were put in place to safeguard the state workers and ensure their safety in 1913, thus, they were ratified in the constitution. This implies that the employers were responsible for the injuries accrued by their employees during working hours. In subsequent years, in 1969, the Department of Mines and Minerals was effected to cover the employees a year before the whole industry was covered by the OSHA act. Due to this increase and the increasing political pressures, the Congress, in 1970, was forced

Sustainable Design Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Design Case Study - Research Paper Example The main reasons behind people moving towards urban areas are to seek employment, make shopping for purchasing goods, seek entertainment as well as attain better standard of living. Simultaneously, existing environmental infrastructures related to work as well as services are quite insufficient to serve the rise in population as well as population densities. It can be observed in this context that overcrowding leads to environmental vulnerabilities as well as degradation unless strategies related to reversing the environmental deterioration can be applied. One of the determinants of the sternness of environment conditions in the urban areas has been their regional ecosystem types such as mountainous, coastal and riverine among others. It needs to be remembered that the urban ecological types are significant components in identifying the environmental strategies along with preparing the plans for precise and sustainable urban development. The project also discusses regarding the physi cal planning, environmental health management and sustainable development. The main objective of the project analyzed in the paper is to make the urban areas quite self-sufficient, enjoyable place to live and thus sustainable (Williams, 2000). Challenges and Opportunities The most important urban environmental requirements by the people in the developing countries would comprise provision of healthy accommodation as well as other built surroundings, access to environmental infrastructural methods as well as services. It is worthy of stating the fact that the most severe influences on urban environment concerning people and which is caused by human being as well as nature are water pollution as well as depletion, air pollution and energy use and wastage. Furthermore, urbanization leads to solid waste and resource losses such as groundwater contamination and depletion, land and ecosystem degradation among others. There are a few infuriating factors as well in relation to the project w hich lead to urban environmental degradation that are lack of public as well as political awareness, lack of efficient public education as well as involvement along with requirement for public pressure and political will. It is quite noteworthy to control such factors and make policies to minimize the impact of the factors on the environment so that the sustainability of the urban areas can be ascertained (Williams, 2000). Involvement of Numerous Stakeholders The efforts at enhancing the urban environment would comprise the involvement of numerous stakeholders such as governmental bodies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as well as the informal sector in defending the environmental problems. It also requires the efforts of numerous institutions, organizations as well as individuals. It becomes difficult for the isolated action to meet the requirements because of the swiftness and intricacy of change. It has been found that one of the most crucial causative factors to the prevai ling accumulation of urban developmental issues is the lack of synchronization of actions between various stakeholders as well as actors. In order to reduce this problem, it is necessary to have a major intention of working in harmony towards the attainment of the common objectives. When all the stakeholders collaborate in order to work towards the accomplishment of the goals of the particular project then it leads to greater synergy. It comprises

Can JavaScript be used in server-side validation Essay

Can JavaScript be used in server-side validation - Essay Example Furthermore, simplifying the process of consuming XML can also be looked forward to. However, from the standpoint of security, it is important to say that not all users will have JavaScript enabled. This means that server side validation is important for both compatibility and security reason. In today’s advancing digital world, everyone wants to be protected against the malicious user. JavaScript however can easily be bypassed by this user and allow him to turn in detrimental input to the server (Hall, Brown and Chaikin, 2007). In this regard, although JavaScript is possible in server-side validation, it is also important that upon its implementation, a remarkable connection to the user will have to be initiated first. Unfortunately, not all users will have their JavaScript enabled. One should respond correctly to the client who is sending HTTP, which must literally include the concept of validation. This makes sense especially in the context of the entire validation process for security purposes. Thus, it also makes sense to explore further JavaScript and its potential usage in the server-side

A History Of Counterculture In The 1950s History Essay

A History Of Counterculture In The 1950s History Essay The Beat Writers were the pre-hippies, the rebellious teenagers, and the defiance of their generation. They had an explicit effect on the Eisenhowerian society, one of stay at home mothers who cooked and cleaned, one of intolerance and segregation. Their influential writings reflected a persona of a more modern generation, a tolerance not found anywhere else in their time. Their literature is rated as some of the best literature of the 20th century. The Beat Writers writings reflected their lives, even as much as being autobiographical. The effect they had on American society was extraordinary and they provided the basis for jumpstarting the civil rights and social reform movements. In this paper, Beat Writers, Beat Generation and the term beatnik will be used interchangeably. The Beat Writers of the 1950s redefine American culture and pushed the boundaries of the socially acceptable. Not many people have heard of the Beat Writers as their influence in America is hard to discern in the modern world. Their writings started around 60 years ago, originally in New York before moving to the San Francisco Bay area. The most famous Beat Writers were Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and William Burroughs, but many others such as Neal Cassady were part of the group. They all shared a common interest in drugs, more specifically psychedelic drugs and marijuana. The Beat Writers also had multiple bisexual or gay members; their writings reflected an extremely tolerant sexual attitude, on topics considered taboo at the time, such as interracial romance and group sex. Their interests included spiritual enlightenment and a rejection of materialistic ideas common in mainstream culture, as well as an interest in poetry. We are the change that we seek. Barack Obama The social norm in the 1950s was a modernist traditional one; the women who were working during WWII now had to put on an apron when the GIs came home. The domestic society seemed to move backward instead of forward. Sexual topics or references were considered forbidden and taboo and most writers did not mention them. The Beat Generation was a new thing; Chester MacPhee was quoted as saying, The words and the sense of the writing is obscene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ you wouldnt want your children to come across it. However, it seemed the American people were appreciative of something new. Brown vs. Board of Ed happened two years earlier; the time was one of change. The Beat Generation provided the subtle spark for this change. To rebel! That is the immediate objective of poets! We can not wait and will not be held backThe poetic marvelous and the unconscious are the true inspirers of rebels and poets.-Philip Lamantia When Allen Ginsbergs Howl was published in 1957, people such as M. L. Rosenthal, the founder of the Poetic Institute at NYU, responded to the poem as very simply, this is poetry of genuine suffering, but MacPhee, an employee of San Francisco Customs deemed the poem too obscene. This led to an obscenity trial in 1957, where the owner of City Lights Bookstore in San Francisco, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, was put on trial for selling obscene materials. The American Civil Liberties Union sent forth the famous J.W. Elrich, a criminal defense lawyer, to defend Ferlinghetti. City Lights was made famous by the case; Judge Clayton Horn declared the work Howl and Other poems was not obscene and was of redeeming social importance. This ruling sparked attention to the poems author, Allen Ginsberg, selling 20,000 copies in the first year of publication. Howl has now sold over a million copies. In the same year, On the Road was published. It was an instant bestseller; the New York Times proclaimed it as the novel of the Beat Generation. On the Road was a transcription of Kerouacs friends and fellow Beats; in short, it was an autobiography of a few trips Kerouac made around North America. The names were changed from the actual people to pseudonyms for legal reasons. In 1957, when Howl was published, it generated a response that was not exactly favorable yet was acknowledged by critics as the landmark poem of the Beat Generation. The poem was ruled publishable after an obscenity trial, and the ruling set a precedent for the American public. Yet even in the modern world, there is still controversy about the poem being aired. The effect of the publication as summarized by Ginsberg included liberation of the world from censorship and spiritual liberation. The Beat Generation as a whole had more than a marginal effect on the American populace, however. The year is 1960. Beatnik culture has now turned into hippie culture. Allen Ginsberg is now considered a hippie and a part of the counterculture of the 1960s. The culture of America is a more tolerant one, especially after the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, which stated that discrimination is henceforth banned on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin, as well as other laws and policies passed in Congress. These laws, including the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, and the Immigration and Nationality Services Act were passed because of action taken by years of peaceful protests and sit-ins by protesters, including hippies and African-American activists. The 50s counterculture movements led to these movements in their inspirational writings as well as the fact that several notable members of the Beat Generation joined these counterculture movements. Neal Cassady, the star character of Jack Kerouacs On the Road started off fresh with The Merry Prankster s, a group of pre-hippies who advocated for peace and understanding as well as the use of illicit drugs. The Grateful Dead, popularized by the hippie music movement, had even written a song about the group, entitled Thats It For The Other One. The hippie ideology is itself a mirror image of the beatniks; it was based on the use of illicit psychedelic drugs such as LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), listening to counterculture rock music like the Grateful Dead and The Beatles, and an explicit embrace of the sexual revolution. All of these ideals tie into each other and form a certain fundamental understanding that inspired the Beat Writers and hippies alike. In fact, the iconic groups of the hippie counterculture took direct inspiration from the beatniks. The name of the Beatles comes from the phrase Beatnik, according to Jack Kerouac, who spelled the name with an a apparently because of the Beat influence. Allen Ginsberg sums up the effect of the Beat Generation in his summary, A Definition of the Beat Generation, in which he states that the there are a couple different outputs into culture and ideals. Most of those outputs were directly from Beat ideals; others such as the evolution of rhythm and blues into a higher art form and respect for the land and indigenous people and animals were indirect. His understanding of the extent of the Beat influence let him make more accurate conclusions than most people. However, his conclusions are those of an insider; a individual who has a comprehensive viewpoint into the world of Beat. Other Beats had ideas about the environment; the supposed notion of a Fresh Planet, which later provided the basis for the hippie ideal of caring for the environment. In particular, this idea of deep ecology, the philosophy of environmental ethics and earthen spirituality resulted from the ideas in the Beat generation. The Beats also left behind them a musical legacy; not one of their own music but an inspiration to others music. Bob Dylan, a Grammy and Golden Globe winning musician, was good friends with Allen Ginsberg, and Dylan states that Kerouac and Ginsberg were major influences in his work. Rollingstone magazine ranked him as number 2 in their all-time best artists list. His music reflected social unrest and counterculture; it was very popular with the counterculture movement in the 1960s. The Merry Pranksters, as mentioned earlier, contained future members of the Grateful Dead, a extremely popular music group among fans of psychedelia and hippies. The Grateful Dead had massive followings of fans and had a three decade career in the music industry. William Burroughs was also friends and influences of Mick Jagger and Bono of U2, both extremely popular musicians. Many bands and artists leave tribute to the Beat Generation; most of these groups are representative of similar ideals, but with a more modern outlook. For instance, the group They Might Be Giants, an alternative rock group, writes songs that utilize counterculture lyrics and experimental instrumentation. They mention in their song I Should Be Allowed to Think the first two lines of Howl; I saw the best minds of my generation, destroyed by madness, starving, hysterical and then proceeds with the rest of the song. Yet even their indirect musical contributions remain part of a bigger picture of their cultural effect. I am going to marry my novels and have little short stories for children. -Jack Kerouac Probably the most obvious and important contribution to culture and society was the Beats literature. Howl, Naked Lunch, and On the Road each represented a different opinion on the same genre of ideals. Notable writers such as Thomas Pynchon, the author of Gravitys Rainbow, cites the Beat Generation as a major influence. Experts compare his work to William S. Burroughs. Pychon himself explains, At the simplest level, it had to do with language. We were encouraged from many directionsKerouac and the Beat writers, the diction of Saul Bellow in The Adventures of Augie March, emerging voices like those of Herbert Gold and Philip Rothto see how at least two very distinct kinds of English could be allowed in fiction to coexist. Allowed! It was actually OK to write like this! Who knew? The effect was exciting, liberating, strongly positive. Other writers, including Amiri Baraka, who published several Beat writers such as Kerouac and Ginsberg, turned their viewpoints into other genres of counterculture activists. Amri Baraka became a black nationalist in the 1960s after separating from the white Beat Generation. His poems and writings have become famous; he has also taught at Rutgers University. The overall effect of the Beat Generation was a positive countercultural one, an effect where the explicit was allowed, illicit psychedelic drugs were not generally allowed but used anyway, spiritual enlightenment became popular; especially among hippies and activists; and the society and culture of the Western hemisphere became a more understanding and open-minded society. The so-called Beat Generation was a whole bunch of people, of all different nationalities, who came to the conclusion that society sucked, as stated by Amiri Baraka; and they did something about society.

Kurt Vonnegut - The Man and His Work :: Kurt Vonnegut

Kurt Vonnegut – The Man and His Work One of the best, most valuable aspects of reading multiple works by the same author is getting to know the author as a person. People don't identify with Gregor Samsa; they identify with Kafka. Witness the love exhibited by the many fans of Hemingway, a love for both the texts and the drama of the man. It's like that for me with Kurt Vonnegut, but it strikes me that he pulls it off in an entirely different way. Kafka's work is a reaction to his mental anguish, which is kind of like Vonnegut, who has dealt with the bulk of his personal hardships throughout his career, but those hardships are not his sole motivation. And, while he's lead an interesting life, it doesn't seem nearly as dramatic or romantic as Hemingway's. Plus, Vonnegut is much more overt than either of the two about his authorial involvement in his work. But what really forces Vonnegut to impose his presence on the text is his complete inability to remove himself at all from the act of communication at the core of any work of literature. He revels in that involvement. He has mentioned his desire, what he implies is a universal need of all human beings, for some "soul-deep fun." He uses this term as a synonym for greatness. And this has lead to some nasty comments in fiction workshops about stories that I've written: complaints of flat characters, cartoonish plotlines, non-directed criticism, overall pessimism and over-sentimentality for all things lowbrow. Needless to say, sometimes I feel, to varying degrees of pretension, like Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was born on November 11, 1922, in Indianapolis, Indiana to Kurt Vonnegut, Sr. and Edith Lieber Vonnegut. He had an older brother named Bernard and an older sister named Alice. Kurt, Sr. was a well-known architect in the city and Edith was the daughter of a wealthy local family. The Vonneguts had been in Indianapolis for several generations, and were well-off, respected members of the community. Unlike the characters in most of his books, Vonnegut's early childhood was extremely privileged. It wasn't until the stock market crash of 1929 that he experienced the type of life that he would go on to write about in the future: the middle Middle Class. This was devastating to his family. According to Understanding Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. the depression moved in and made itself at home in the Vonnegut household.

Online Behaviors And Impression Management Essay

Introduction With the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an effective mechanism for social networking. People can not deny the fact that a successful social networking is more possible to lead a successful life. A personal impression serves as an important role in establishing new networks and managing old ones. It was proved that people have more opportunities presenting themselves in the computer-coordinated communication settings than face-to-face environments. Therefore, regardless of generations, the ways how people interact with one another have been greatly changed by online social sites. The purpose of this study is to understand how people utilize online social sites to manage their personal impression and how they behave on social media; also, people utilize social media in order to gratify their social needs such as their friendship maintenance. The thesis of this paper is that social media influences personal behaviors as well as their impression management and i t also has positive impacts on people friendships performance. Personal Behavior on Social Media Individual behaviors may be restrained because of their awareness that their behaviors might possibly be seen by other people, and the fact that people tempt to look more appealing in any social occasions is obvious (Jeong, 2011). Since social media is served as a platform which is opened to public, people tend to pay more attention to how they appear and behave online. An experiment from Denton (2012) indicates that participants within heterogeneous networks such as Facebook have more desire to shift their impressions to others. A heterogeneous network is a network which is established for people without same interests, religions or common interests; in other words, people are able to speak or act freely on those websites. This experiment explains further that people manage or even shift their image based on others views and attitudes. According to Cummings (2012), the setting of profiles provides an opportunity for ones’ social life; people put effort into presenting a better image which aims at influencing others within the network. Jeong (2012) also declares that the process in which individuals attempt to control their impression with others is called â€Å"impression management†. Impression management can be used interchangeably with the term â€Å"self-presentation†, and its goal is to elevate people’s public image by performing behaviors based on how others evaluate them. Jeong also states that impression management usually occurs together with social desirability. Social desirability is defined as an individual’s tendency to describe themselves and behave in a manner in which they believe they will be viewed favorably in a situation. Moreover, Jeong also points out three main characteristics of self-presentation in online media platforms. They are asynchronous, malleable and selective. Asynchronous means that people can edit and update self-presentational cues deliberately over time. Malleable means people can simply manipulate those cues. Denton (2012) explains further by stating that people behave differently in different situations or interact with different people with whom they have specific relationships. For example, a lazy and incompetent employee may spend his evening as a passionate and assiduous worker volunteer or he behaves as a hard-working worker only under supervision; in this case, employers might misunderstand that he is truly a diligent worker. Thirdly, selective means people can improve their impression by choosing specific cues. Jeong explains this term by giving an example that individuals are more likely to donate or show their supports for charity campaigns as long as they realize that their participation would be noticeable to other people. Besides, there are some companies tend to elevate their images by sponsoring nonprofit organizations. To conclude, in general, people tend to behave favorably and try to create a positive impression to others on social media. Impression Management on Social Media Social media has been a new and easy platform for people managing their impression. Sameer (2007) states that document preparation programs make it relatively easy to manipulate the appearance of profiles; also, programmability helps people keep track of contents to the audience, and browser application provide an easy way to distribute the original or modified profiles. Therefore, Krisanic (2008) concludes from her research that impression management has been commonly carried out by those who involved in social networking activities. Jeong (2011) also states that online media platforms are expected to provide people with a greater opportunity for impression management, and because of its â€Å"public display† which enables participants to articulate and make their social networks more manifest; furthermore, Ellison (2008) declares that this kind of â€Å"public display of connection† serves as important signal that helps people navigate their networked social world. Cummings (2012) supports his idea. He points out that social network sites provide people a channel to present themselves digitally, and also gives them another way to provide details about themselves and establish or maintain their relationships in their own social network. Also, profile owners are not the only ones who are able to provide information on their own pages. Most sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn allow those who are involved in the connection to create additional information, and the use of wall posts and the recommendation are the examples (Cummings, 2012). All in all, the main characteristics of social network sites include the capability to make connection between people and share personal information; on top of that, it offers an easy way for people to manage their personal impressions. Friendships Performance on Social Media The articulation of friendship connections is another facet of impression management; it might possibly be viewed from others as an identity marker to profile owners (boyd & Ellison, 2008). Although boyd and Ellison argue that online audiences’ comments may dominate user behaviors, Vallor (2012) thinks that those interactions are part of the reciprocity which serves a prime function maintaining friendships. Reciprocity is an original biological stimulus that operates as the core of human sociology and is the mutual characteristic of different types of friendships (Vallor, 2012). Take Facebook as an example, reciprocity emerge with diverse forms; it begins with the friend requests and accepting invitations correspondingly, responding to friends’ status by pressing â€Å"like† button, sharing photos and videos online, comments on friends’ status, and â€Å"tag† friends on pictures or posts. Therefore, a study from Vallor (2012) shows that instead of d iminishing people’s interactions in their real lives, online social sites actually extend chances for such interaction. Vallor (2012) also declares that social media can support friendships. Many social network sites allow additional information, and which encourage people to list hobbies, post photos, and interact with other individuals within the network (Cummings, 2012). Furthermore, social network sites help individuals to manage contacts beyond traditional software like outlook, and they also help incorporate visual information such as pictures of contacts (Cummings, 2012); hence, the online social media offers a precious function of recombining efficiently with friends in the past (Vallor, 2012). To conclude, it is true that these sites help participants perceiving more sense of social value and connection; also, social network sites help reinforce participant’s desire to maintain their friendships (Vallor, 2012). Conclusion As online social networking sites as a new media technology comes out in our society, individuals have more opportunity than ever before to present themselves in public by using them. These sites allow users to make self-presentation by creating their own profile pictures, personal information, photos, videos, and their activities. Impression management is related to social networking sites use because individuals tend to develop different self-presentation depending on the audiences online. From those studies we were discussed, people tend to behave favorable to their audiences. However, the authenticity of profile information comes into concern since everything that shows on people’s profiles may dominate their images to others; whether this fact leads to negative problem of social networking sites may still need to be further investigated and researched. From another aspect, we can conclude that social networking sites have a positive impact on friendship performance. Although some studies argue that the online social networking sites may damage the traditional meaning of friendship, it serves as a valuable tool maintaining the friendship in people real lives. All in all, social network sites if manage properly; they can of course offer very concrete benefits to people social networking lives. References boyd, D. & Ellison, N. (2008). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. (pp. 219-220). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(2008) 210-230. Cummings, J. (2012). Virtual First Impression Matter: The effect of social networking sites on Impression formation in virtual teams. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Ellison, A. S. W. (2012). Impression Formation in a Social Network Context. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Jeong, H. J. (2011). The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Campaigns on Consumer Responses to Brand in Social Media: Impression Management Perspectives. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2011 pg. n/a Krisanic, K. (2008). Motivation and Impression Management: Predictors of social networking site use and users behaviors. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Sameer, B. (2008). First Impression formation in electronic profiles. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Vallor, S. (2011). Fl ourishing on Facebook: virtue friendship & new social media. Springer Science and Business Media B.V. 2011

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